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Mengoperasikan Bulldozer ( Instruksi Kerja 4 )

Periksa dan pakai APD Operator Bulldozer

Dalam mengoperasikan Bulldozer Bisa mengakibatkan terbentur, jatuh dan tergores maka operator harus mengacu pada Ikrar Keselamatan Perusahaan terutama kegiatan pertama.

(APD) (helm, sepatu pelindung, kacamata, masker, sarung tangan, sumbat telinga dan rompi reflektif) harus di periksa dan dipastikan baik serta dipakai saat bekerja.

Hanya orang yang dalam keadaan sehat, sudah mendapat pelatihan khusus dan mempunyai SIMPER (Surat Ijin Mengemudikan Perusahaan) yang dibolehkan mengoperasikan alat produksi.

Pelaksanaan  dan Perawatan Harian (P2H)

Agar tidak terjadi terbentur, terjatuh, terkilir, terjepit, terkena suhu panas, atau aki meledak, maka sebelum mesin hidup harus perhatikan:

  • Form P2H harus ditanda tangani oleh pengawas lapangan sebelum di operasikan.
  • Periksalah unit dengan berjalan berkeliling. Hati-hati saat melihat dibagian bawah, pakai helm dan sarung tangan.
  • Jangan mengoperasikan alat yang undercarriage-nya rusak atau cacat.

Perhatikan tempat berjalan dan pijakan kaki waktu berkeliling dan naik / turun, berdirilah di tempat yang stabil, usahakan berpegangan. Bersihkan lantai dari sisa grease, ceceran oli, air dan  bahan penyebab licin lain sebelum dinaiki.

  • Saat membuka / menutup cabin perhatikan jari, tangan dan keseimbangan.
  • Saat memeriksa mesin, perhatikan posisi jari dan tangan, hati-hati di bagian sempit dan yang bisa berputar, jangan sampai terjepit.
  • Hati-hati pada bagian mesin yang panas (turbo, saluran buang, radiator). Saat memeriksa radiator, periksa ketinggian air pada reservoir Jika tidak dilengkapi reservoir, periksa radiator jika mesin sudah dingin, gunakan majun waktu membuka / menutup tutup radiator, putar sedikit dan tahan, biarkan tekanan dalam radiator hilang, baru buka tutupnya. Jangan membuka radiator dengan kaki.
  • Waktu memeriksa elektrolit baterai, lakukan dengan hati-hati,, gunakan senter, jangan memakai api terbuka (korek api, pemantik rokok dsb)
  • Pastikan unit dilengkapi dengan ROPS (Roll Over Protection System), starting key yang bekerja dengan baik dan safety belt.

Untuk menghidupkan mesin, agar tidak terjadi tabrakan diharuskan :

  • Sebelum mesin dihidupkan, perhatikan kondisi sekitar, transmisi harus netral klakson 1x, tunggu 15 detik, atur bukaan gas rendah, hidupkan mesin. Patuhi aturan klakson.

Periksa panel-panel indikator, atur putaran mesin dan uji fungsi alat-alat kerja.

Naik / turun unit

Bisa mengakibatkan cedera akibat terpeleset jatuh, maka perhatikan hal-hal berikut :

  • Bersihkan dulu anak tangga dan pegangan tangga dari lumpur, grease atau kotoran penyebab licin lainnya.

Tubuh harus menghadap unit saat naik / turun, berpegangan dan gunakan teknik kontak tiga titik.

Lakukan Dozing

Untuk menghindarkan bahaya terjatuh atau terpapar debu, panas atau bising dan tersengat tawon atau binatang berbahaya lainnya,maka harus diperhatikan:

  • Operator harus memakai sabuk pengaman selama berada dalam kabin.
  • Dilarang menumpang di atas bulldozer kecuali orang yang berwenang.
    • Sebelum beroperasi, diskusikan pada pengawas, lokasi dan jenis pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan.
    • Selama beroperasi pintu kabin (jika ada) harus selalu tertutup rapat.
    • Jika tidak dilengkapi kabin pakailah masker debu, kacamata pelindung, sumbat telinga dan usahakan tubuh terlindungi dari serangan serangga saat melakukan land clearing.

    Agar unit tidak terguling atau tabrakan, maka operator diharuskan:-

    • Pada waktu berangkat ke / dari tempat kerja, lakukan dengan hati-hati, atur kecepatan sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan, patuhi aturan lalu-lintas.
    • Jangan mengangkat blade terlalu tinggi hingga menghalangi pandangan.
    • Jika pandangan terhalang, berhentilah sebentar, amati keadaan sekitar jika aman baru lanjutkan operasi.
    • Lakukan manuver di tempat yang sudah dipastikan aman, hati-hati dan tidak membahayakan orang atau mobilitas unit lain.
    • Atur supaya bukaan gas selalu penuh selama beroperasi, jangan mengurangi gas setengahnya saat manuver dengan beban, atau di medan yang miring.
    • Jika beroperasi bersama alat loading, pastikan satu sama lain terdapat koordinasi yang memadai. Jangan memotong lintasan gerak alat loading.
    • Pelajari topografi lokasi kerja, kalau perlu turun dari unit dan periksa kekerasan tanah dengan batang kayu untuk menghindarkan unit amblas.
    • Jika bekerja di lokasi yang bertebing, tanah didorong maju ke arah tebing, jangan sekali-kali mundur ke arah bibir tebing.
    • Pastikan safety berm dibuat di pinggir tebing sebagai batas pekerjaan. Jangan beroperasi melangkahi safety berm.

    Hindari bekerja sejajar kemiringan tebing, karena track cenderung tidak stabil. Mendorong beban menuruni tebing lebih baik karena berat unit akan membantu proses pekerjaan.

    • Saat menuruni turunan, jangan menetralkan atau mengubah transmisi.
    • Jangan mengerem dengan menekan blade, kurangi putaran mesin dan rem kaki.
    • Tengok kebelakang sebelum manuver mundur atau berputar. Pastikan alarm mundur bekerja dengan baik.
    • Jika bekerja di lokasi yang kritis (tebing curam, terpencil dst) lakukan dengan spotter/partner (Buddy System), satu sama lain harus selalu mengkoordinasikan manuvernya.

    Untuk mennghindarkan unit dari kerusakan, perhatikan :

    • Ikuti petunjuk pengoperasian dan perawatan alat dengan benar.
    • Operasikan unit dengan kecepatan serendah mungkin agar kontrol terjaga.
    • Saat mendorong beban, jangan berbelok dengan mengerem track, tapi atur tilt dan clutch blade.
    • Jaga daerah kerja agar rata dan bersih dari halangan. Hindari melintasi batuan besar, batang kayu, parit atau sejenisnya. Perhitungkan dengan cermat jika terpaksa melewatinya.

    Awasi pipa, kabel tanam, atau material lain yang ditanam dalam tanah.

Lakukan Ripping Bulldozer

Untuk menghindarkan bahaya terjatuh atau terpapar debu, panas atau bising, maka harus diperhatikan :

  • Operator harus memakai sabuk pengaman selama berada dalam kabin.
  • Dilarang menumpang di atas bulldozer kecuali orang yang berwenang.
  • Sebelum beroperasi, diskusikan pada pengawas; lokasi, pekerjaan dan jenis pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan.
  • Selama beroperasi pintu kabin harus selalu tertutup rapat.
  • Jika tidak dilengkapi kabin, masker debu dan kacamata pelindung dan sumbat telinga harus dipakai.
  • Lakukan manuver di tempat yang sudah dipastikan aman, hati-hati dan tidak membahayakan orang atau mobilitas unit lain.

Jika beroperasi bersama alat loading, pastikan satu sama lain terdapat koordinasi yang memadai.

Jangan memotong lintasan gerak alat loading.

  • Agar tidak tertimpa longsoran atau kerusakan unit maka diharuskan :
  • Saat bekerja di dekat tebing / slope, periksa tempat kerja, perhatikan kestabilan lereng, jauhi tebing / slope minimum adalah 20 meter.
  • Jangan me-ripping sejajar tebing / slope karena akan merusak kestabilan.
  • Usahakan me-ripping secara menurun agar terbantu dengan berat unit.
  • Unit harus dipertahankan bergerak lurus, jangan berbelok / mundur saat ripper tertanam di dalam tanah.
  • Gunakan gigi satu waktu me-ripping.

Jangan memaksakan unit, ubah posisi ripping dari titik lain atau atur kedalaman ripper, jika unit menjadi slip.

Land Clearing Bulldozer

Untuk menghindarkan bahaya terjatuh atau terpapar debu, panas atau bising, maka harus diperhatikan :

  • Operator harus memakai sabuk pengaman selama berada dalam kabin.
  • Dilarang menumpang di atas bulldozer kecuali orang yang berwenang.
  • Sebelum beroperasi, diskusikan pada pengawas; lokasi, pekerjaan dan jenis pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan.
  • Selama beroperasi pintu kabin harus selalu tertutup rapat.
  • Jika tidak dilengkapi kabin, masker debu dan kacamata pelindung dan sumbat telinga harus dipakai.
  • Lakukan manuver di tempat yang sudah dipastikan aman, hati-hati dan tidak membahayakan orang atau mobilitas unit lain.

Untuk menghindarkan tertimpa pohon, maka harus diperhatikan :

  • Pastikan bahwa kabin dilengkapi dengan sangkar pelindung khusus untuk pekerjaan perkayuan.
  • Usahakan melakukan under brushing terlebih dulu sebelum menumbangkan pohon berdiameter lebih besar (>40 cm)

Pohon yang kering / mati jangan ditumbangkan secara langsung, manfaatkan rebahan pohon lain

yang ditumbangkan ke arahnya.

  • Untuk menumbangkan pohon besar, bersihkan akar dan batang-batang di pangkal pohon, kalau perlu gali tanah di sekitarnya.
  • Dorong pohon tersebut dengan blade, jangan menumburkan blade pada pohon.

Jika pohon mulai bergerak tumbang, mundur segera menjauhi jatuhnya pohon. Awasi pergerakan akar yang tercerabut bersama pangkal pohon.

Selesai operasi

Agar tidak terjadi unit menggelinding, jatuh terpeleset atau terkilir, setelah selesai operasi harus perhatikan :

  • Pilih tempat parkir yang datar dan aman.
  • Turunkan attachment, netralkan transmisi, idle ± 5 menit dan aktifkan rem parkir, bersihkan kabin operator sambil mengamati panel indikator.
  • Tutup throttle untuk mematikan mesin, kunci kontak OFF, cabut kunci.
  • Hati-hati saat membersihkan unit, undercarriage hendaknya dibersihkan dengan tongkat pembersih yang dipegang dengan kuat dan benar.

Perhatikan posisi tubuh selama bekerja.

Tangani Keadaan Darurat

Untuk menghindarkan terjadinya cedera fatal jika terjadi keadaan darurat, maka perhatikan hal-hal berikut :

  • Jika unit terguling, atau kerubuhan pohon, jangan mencoba keluar dari kabin atau mencoba melepaskan seat belt.
  • Pada saat di tanjakan, jagalah agar throttle selalu penuh, jangan sekali-kali menetralkan transmisi atau mengurangi gas setengahnya.
  • Jika sebelah track mengalami slip, turunkan blade, atur throttle full, masukkan gear 1, pindahkan transmisi ke arah mundur.
  • Jika unit masuk air, segera matikan mesin, jangan menggerakkan lever Hanya mekanik ahli yang boleh menghidupkan mesin.
  • Jika mesin mati saat manuver menanjak, segera turunkan blade Jika timbul api / asap pada unit, segera turunkan blade, netralkan transmisi dan matikan mesin.
  • Aktifkan rem parkir dan rem darurat. Identifkasi sumber api, jika nyala api tidak terlalu besar, gunakan APAR untuk memadamkan api dari luar.
  • Ikuti tata cara penanganan keadaan darurat.

bangis

Bang Is adalah seorang praktisi K3 yang bekerja di perusahaan pertambangan batu bara. Blog ini sebagai media berbagi ilmu pengatuhan agar bermamfaat untuk diri sendiri dan orang lain yang membutuhkannya.

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