IndustriKebakaranKecelakaan KerjaKeselamatan KerjaMigasPerkebunanPertambangan
Kebakaran Dan 3 Teknik Penanganannya
Dalam setiap aktifitas pekerjaan diproyek tentunya tak akan lepas dari dari timbulnya resiko kebakaran . Karena kebakaran merupakan bencana yang datangnya tidak kita tahu kapan dan dimana akan terjadi.Sehingga perlu adanya kegiatan pencegahan dan penanggulangan sejak dini .Untuk itu perlu adanya informasi sebagai tambahan wawasan kita agar masing-masing pekerja diproyek mampu dan memahami bagaimana menanggulangi kebakaran tersebut.Salah satunya dengan mempergunakan APAR.Pertama kita harus memahami terlebih dahulu bahwa asal mula timbulnya api berasal dari 3 unsur yaitu BAHAN BAKAR,UDARA dan PANAS sesuai komposisi dari ketiga unsur tersebut.3 Unsur tersebut disebut SEGITIGA API :
FAKTOR PENYEBAB TERJADINYA KEBAKARAN
- MANUSIA (Karena ada unsur kesengajaan /sabotase (dendam,ganti rugi,dll, Tidak disengaja (lupa), Kecerobohan (nekat), Ketidak tahuan (anak kecil), Lupa Ingatan (Gila)
- ALAM ( Petir.Gunung meletus,Gempa bumi,Cuaca panas,dll)
- LISTRIK Terjadi arus pendek ( Kabel,Saklar,Steker,MCB,dsb)
- DLL
SARANA & PRASARANA
Proses pemadaman api bias digunakan melalui 2 cara yaitu
- Cara Tradisional : Dengan menggunakan pasir, tanah,ranting,karung goni basah,handuk,selimut,dll.(Hanya untuk mengatasi kebakaran awal)
- Cara Moderen : Dengan mobil unit PMK,,APAR, dll.
TEHNIK PEMADAMAN
Ada 3 macam tehnik pemadaman yang berlaku apabila terjadi kebakaran, yaitu :
- SISTEM PENGURAIAN : Adalah memadamkan api DENGAN MEMISAHKAN benda yang terbakar dengan cara digantol/dirobohkan.sehingga semua benda yang terbakar berada dibawah. Biasanya dipakai oleh masyarakat dengan sarana & prasarana tradisional.
- SISTEM PENDINGINAN : Adalah pemadaman dengan mengurangi suhu panas benda yang terbakar dengan siraman air sehingga makin lama benda yang terbakar itu dingin api akan padam. Sistem ini biasa dipakai oleh petugas PMK.
- SISTEM PENYELIMUTAN : Sistem ini dengan cara menyelimuti api dengan bertujuan untuk mengurangi oksigen sehingga api bisa dipadamkan.
HAL PENTING YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN
Perhatikan yang terbakar / harus mengetahui jenis kebakaran kelas (A,B,C atau D)
- Perhatikan arah angin. Dengan melihat lidah api petugas harus membelakangi arah atau searah angin.
- Apabila ada korban harus segera ditolong,bila perlu dibawa ke Rumah Sakit.
- Boleh melakukan pengrusakan terhadap bangunan yang ada untuk memperlancar proses pemadaman.
- Amankan barang-barang yang perlu diselamatkan.
- Melaporkan penanganan penanggulangan kepada pihak berwenang/pimpinan tim untuk bahan evaluasi sesuai dengan prosedur tetap yang berlaku
Cara meggunakan apar :
- Cabut pen pengaman
- Pegang pengatup dengan telapak tangan
- Pegang pemancar
- Tekan pengatup
- Arahkan pancaran dengan menyelimuti api sampai merata
Hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penggunaan apar
- Jangan melawan arah angin (lihat lihat lidah api)
- Arahkan corong pada titik api yang paling tipis
- Perhitungkan/perhatikan jalan keluar bila digunakan pada suatu ruangan,semprotkan pada sela-sela benda yang terbakar usahakan untuk menahan nafas & menggunakan masker
- Gunakan secara efisien dan efektif
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